Covid-19: fatores associados ao uso e adesão de equipamentos de proteção individual entre residentes no Brasil / Covid-19: factors associated with the use and adherence of personal protective equipment in Brazil among residents / Covid-19: factores asociados al uso y adherencia de equipos de protección personal entre los residentes en Brasil

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao uso e a adesão aos equipamentos de proteção individual pelos profissionais pós-graduandos vinculados a programas de residência em saúde. Método: transversal com 227 residentes. Avaliadas variáveis relacionadas à adesão e uso adequado de equipamentos de proteção individual por meio de instrumento validado "E.P.I. covid-19 Brasil-versão adaptada para residentes". Realizou-se análise bivariada, teste qui-quadrado/exato de Fisher e cálculo da razão de prevalência. Pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos. Resultados: realizaram atividades de capacitação sobre EPIs (59,9%).Associação entre uso de máscara cirúrgica(p≤0,01) e idade; área de concentração do programa e uso de gorro (p≤0,01) e máscara cirúrgica (p=0,04); realização de atividades de capacitação e uso de máscara cirúrgica (p=0,02) e N95 (p≤0,01). A adesão variou de 0% a 67%. Conclusão: fatores associados ao uso adequado, idade, área de concentração do programa e realização de atividades de capacitação. Houve fragilidades na adesão. Sugere-se o fortalecimento do tema biossegurança na residência.

Objective: to analyze the factors associated with the use and adherence to personal protective equipment by graduate professionals linked to residency programs in health. Method: cross-sectional study with 227 residents. E.P.I.covid-19 Brasil-adapted version for residents". Bivariate analysis, Fisher chi-square/exact test and calculation of the prevalence ratio were performed. Research was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research with Human Beings. Results: they carried out training activities on PPE (59.9%). Association between use of surgical mask (p≤0.01) and age; program concentration area and use of cap (p≤0.01) and surgical mask (p=0.04); performance of training activities and use of surgical mask (p=0.02) and N95 (p≤0.01). Adherence to PPE ranged from 0% to 67%. Conclusion: factors associated with the proper use of personal protective equipment were age, area of program concentration, and performance of training activities. There were weaknesses in adherence. It is suggested to strengthen the theme of biosafety in the residence.

Objetivos:analizar los factores asociados al uso y la adherencia a los equipos de protección personal (EPP) por parte de profesionales graduados vinculados a programas de residencia en salud. Método: estudio transversal con 227 residentes. Se utilizó la versión adaptada para residentes del «Cuestionario sobre EPI en la atención primaria de salud (EPS-APS) en el contexto de la COVID-19 en Brasil. Se realizaron análisis bivariados, prueba chi-cuadrado de Fisher/prueba exacta y cálculo de la razón de prevalencia. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética para la Investigación con Seres Humanos. Resultados: se realizaron actividades de capacitación sobre EPI (59,9%). Se observó asociación entre el uso de mascarilla quirúrgica (p≤0,01) y la edad; área de concentración del programa y uso de cofia (p≤0,01) y mascarilla quirúrgica (p=0,04); realización de actividades de capacitación y uso de mascarilla quirúrgica (p=0,02) y N95 (p≤0,01). La adherencia a los EPI osciló entre el 0% y el 67%. Conclusión: los factores asociados al uso correcto de los EPI fueron la edad, el área de concentración del programa y la realización de actividades de capacitación. Se observaron debilidades en la adherencia. Se sugiere fortalecer el tema de la bioseguridad en la residencia.

El covid-19 y sus consecuencias en la vida y el trabajo de médicos residentes de La Paz, Bolivia / Covid-19 and its consequences in the life and the work of medical residents of La Paz, Bolivia

Este artículo es un apretado resumen de los principales resultados de una investigación mayor realizada por MEDICON, cuantitativa y cualitativa, en línea, a médicos residentes de 2º año del Sistema Departamental de Salud La Paz, en Bolivia. Los datos y relatos recogidos tienen que ver con la pandemia, el cumplimiento de las medidas de bioseguridad, la afectación experimentada por la cuarentena, la donación de plasma, el desempeño del personal de salud, entre otros. En el 55% la enfermedad fue confirmada por laboratorio. No hubo hospitalizados y la mayoría se automedicó. No recibieron soporte psicológico, por lo que es factible que algunos hubieran desarrollado el síndrome de burnout. Los que se enfermaron o tuvieron allegados con covid-19 dieron a conocer sus vivencias sobre la manera en que ellos y sus familiares enfrentaron el problema. (AU)

This article is a tight summary of the main results of a major investigation conducted by MEDICON, quantitative and qualitative, online, to second-year resident physicians of the La Paz Departmental Health System, in Bolivia. The data and reports collected have to do with the pandemic, compliance with biosecurity measures, the impact experienced by quarantine, plasma donation, the performance of health personnel, among others. In 55% the disease was confirmed by laboratory. There were no hospitalized and most self-medicated. They did not receive psychological support, so it is possible that some had developed ­ burnout syndrome. Those who became ill or had relatives with covid-19 shared their experiences about the way that they and their relatives faced the problem. (AU)

Clinical and molecular practice of European thoracic pathology laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic. The past and the near future.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the consequences in Europe of the COVID-19 outbreak on pathology laboratories orientated toward the diagnosis of thoracic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey was sent to 71 pathology laboratories from 21 European countries. The questionnaire requested information concerning the organization of biosafety, the clinical and molecular pathology, the biobanking, the workload, the associated research into COVID-19, and the organization of education and training during the COVID-19 crisis, from 15 March to 31 May 2020, compared with the same period in 2019. RESULTS: Questionnaires were returned from 53/71 (75%) laboratories from 18 European countries. The biosafety procedures were heterogeneous. The workload in clinical and molecular pathology decreased dramatically by 31% (range, 3%-55%) and 26% (range, 7%-62%), respectively. According to the professional category, between 28% and 41% of the staff members were not present in the laboratories but did teleworking. A total of 70% of the laboratories developed virtual meetings for the training of residents and junior pathologists. During the period of study, none of the staff members with confirmed COVID-19 became infected as a result of handling samples. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on most of the European pathology laboratories included in this study. Urgent implementation of several changes to the organization of most of these laboratories, notably to better harmonize biosafety procedures, was noted at the onset of the pandemic and maintained in the event of a new wave of infection occurring in Europe.

Prevalencia de infección de sitio quirúrgico y factores asociados. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, 2018 / Surgical site infection prevalence and associated factors. José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, 2018

Objective: to determine the prevalence of ISQ and the associated factors at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, during the year 2018. Methodology: An analytical, cross-sectional study of prevalence in the area of surgery of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital was carried out in 2018. It was carried out with 233 medical records that met the inclusion criteria to establish the prevalence of SSI and factors. Associated as: age, preoperative stay, diabetes mellitus, drainage use, classification of the American Society Anesthesiologists (ASA), obesity, blood transfusion, antibiotic prophylaxis, open surgical approach, degree of wound contamination, surgical time, admission to intensive care. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed with the SPSS program, to establish the association between the SSI and the risk factors. The same ones that are specific in tables with their respective statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of SSI was 16.30%, a statistically significant association was found with surgical time greater than 120 minutes, use of drains, open surgical approach, admission to intensive care unit, ASA III-IV, contaminated and dirty wound, preoperative stay greater than 24h (p <0.05). There was no statistical association with body mass index greater than 25, diabetes mellitus, age over 65 years or with blood transfusion. Conclusions: The SSI is within the reported ranges, the factors for SSI are duration of surgery 120 minutes and more, preoperative stay 24 hours and more, ASA III and IV, contaminated and dirty wound, blood transfusions, use of drains, admission to the intensive care unit, conventional approach and lack of administration of antibiotics before surgery. It was not found as a risk factor for overweight or obesity, diabetes mellitus, the age of 65 years and more; nor who receive blood transfusions.

Motivações para mudança nas ações dos profissionais de enfermagem após exposição acidental a material biológico / Motivos para el cambio en las acciones de profesionales de enfermería después de exposición accidental a material biológico / Motivations for changing the actions of nursing professionals after accidental exposure to biological material

Objetivos: identificar motivações para mudança nas ações dos profissionais, após acidente ocupacional e discutir essas mudanças no processo de trabalho na perspectiva da saúde do trabalhador. Método: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, com profissionais de enfermagem com histórico de acidentes de trabalho com exposição a materiais biológicos. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise temático categorial. Resultados: A vivência do acidente de trabalho mostrou-se determinante para modificação de práticas profissionais, motivados por medos relacionados ao risco de infecção pós-exposição; entendimento do risco; orientação recebidas pós acidente; conhecimento quanto ao diagnóstico do paciente. Conclusão: As modificações relatadas pelos profissionais se mostraram repercussões positivas no processo de trabalho, porém, foram motivadas por sentimentos negativos experimentados após o acidente. Ficando clara a necessidade de orientação dos profissionais sobre promoção a saúde e prevenção dos acidentes de trabalho.

Objetivos: identificar motivaciones para el cambio en las acciones de los profesionales, después de accidente ocupacional y discutir estos cambios en el proceso de trabajo en la perspectiva de la salud del trabajador. Método: Estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, con profesionales de enfermería con historial de accidentes de trabajo con exposición a materiales biológicos. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el análisis temático categorial. Resultados: La vivencia del accidente de trabajo se mostró determinante para la modificación de prácticas profesionales, motivadas por miedos relacionados con el riesgo de infección postexposición; Entendimiento del riesgo; Orientación recibida después del accidente; En el diagnóstico del paciente. Conclusión: Las modificaciones relatadas por los profesionales se mostraron repercusiones positivas en el proceso de trabajo, pero fueron motivadas por sentimientos negativos experimentados después del accidente. En el caso de los profesionales de la salud, la salud y la prevención de accidentes de trabajo.

Objectives: to identify motivations for change in the actions of professionals after occupational accident and to discuss these changes in the work process from a worker’s health perspective. Method: Descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, with nursing professionals with a history of work accidents with exposure to biological materials. For the analysis of the data the categorical thematic analysis was used. Results: The experience of the work-related accident was determinant for the modification of professional practices, motivated by fears related to the risk of post-exposure infection; Understanding of risk; Orientation received after accident; Knowledge of the patient’s diagnosis. Conclusion: The modifications reported by the professionals showed positive repercussions in the work process, however, they were motivated by negative feelings experienced after the accident. The need for professional guidance on health promotion and prevention of occupational accidents is clear.

Qualidade dos dados do sistema de informação sobre acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico no Brasil, 2010 a 2015 / Quality of the data in the information system for work accidents under exposure to biological materials in Brazil, 2010 to 2015

Contexto: Os sistemas de informação em saúde possibilitam conhecer problemas dessa área e, muitas vezes, representam a única fonte de informação, tornando-se fundamental conhecer sua qualidade. Objetivo: Analisar a acessibilidade, a oportunidade e a completude como critérios da qualidade das informações do Sistema de Informação sobre Agravos de Notificação a respeito de Acidentes de Trabalho com Exposição a Material Biológico (SINAN-ATEMB), no período de 2010 a 2015. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, baseado em dados secundários do SINAN sobre ATEMB. O objeto de análise do estudo foi composto por todos os registros de ATEMB ocorridos nos 26 estados e no Distrito Federal no período de 1º de janeiro de 2010 a 31 de dezembro de 2015. Resultados: Foi constatado que as informações são acessíveis e oportunas, com defasagem do ano vigente em relação ao início do estudo. O SINAN-ATEMB apresentou elevado percentual de dados incompletos nas variáveis: escolaridade, tempo de trabalho na ocupação, material orgânico, status sorológico do acidentado e do paciente-fonte, condutas adotadas, evolução do caso e emissão da Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho (CAT), levando a consideração de que não é possível o uso dessas variáveis em análises de fatores de risco. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, apesar da acessibilidade da base de dados e da relevância de suas variáveis, o SINANATEMB possui problemas de qualidade que apontam para a indiscutível necessidade de melhorias na completude de suas informações.

Background: Health information systems allow for the identification of problems in this field, and often represent the single source of information; therefore, accurate determination of their quality is crucial. Aims: To analyze accessibility, opportunity and completeness as criteria for the quality of the information provided by System of Information for Notifiable Conditions (Sistema de Informação sobre Agravos de Notificação ­ SINAN) on Work Accidents under Exposure to Biological Materials (Acidentes de Trabalho com Exposição a Material Biológico ­ ATEMB) from 2010 to 2015. Methods: Observational and descriptive study based on secondary SINAN data on ATEMB. The object of analysis was all ATEMB records from the 26 Brazilian states and Federal District from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015. Results: Information is accessible and timely, while the data for the ongoing year are only made available the following one. The percentage of incomplete data in SINAM-ATEMB was high for the following variables: educational level, length of work in the current job, organic materials, serological status of affected individuals and source-patient, measures adopted, case progression and Work Accident Notification (Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho - CAT); therefore, these variables cannot be included in analyses of risk factors. Conclusion: Despite the accessibility of the database and the relevance of its variables, SINAN-ATEMP exhibits problems in its quality that indicate an indisputable need to improve the completeness of information.

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder after exposure to biological material / Síntomas de transtorno de estrés post-traumático después exposición a material biológico / Sintomas de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático após exposição a material biológico

Abstract Objective: To track symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to scores of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in nursing staff exposed to accidents with biological material, from October 2014 to May 2016, in a philanthropic hospital in the state of Minas Gerais. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Inferential analysis was performed using a 95% confidence interval, p ≤ 0.05. The data were collected considering all the ethical aspects described in resolution 466/2012. Results: The majority of workers were nursing technicians (52.5%), female (91.8%), with a mean age of 31.4 years (SD 7.5), the majority of exposures being percutaneous (60.7%). Of all individuals, 19.6% presented scores above 5.6, showing signs of PTSD. Individuals who had suffered accidents more than six months previously (p = 0.025) had significantly higher scores than those who had been exposure for less than three months. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for the use of validated instruments for the evaluation of fear, anxiety, stress, and other psychological reactions that characterize PTSD, as well as the provision of psychological care for workers exposed to biological material.

Resumen Objetivo: Rastrear síntomas de trastorno de estrés postraumático según los escores de la escala de impacto del evento-revisado en trabajadores del equipo de enfermería, expuestos a accidentes con material biológico en el período de octubre de 2014 a mayo de 2016 en un hospital Filantrópico de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo, descriptivo, con abordaje cuantitativo. El análisis inferencial fue realizado utilizando intervalo de confianza del 95%, p ≤ 0,05. Los datos fueron recolectados resguardándose todos los aspectos éticos descritos en la resolución 466/2012. Resultados: La mayoría de los trabajadores eran técnicos de enfermería (52,5%), del sexo femenino (91,8%), con una media de edad de 31,4 años (DP = 7,5). Las exposiciones se produjeron por vía percutánea (60,7%). Del total de individuos, el 19,6% presentó escores por encima de 5,6 evidenciando señales para TEPT y aquellos que se habían accidentado hace más de seis meses tuvieron puntuaciones significativamente superiores (p = 0,025) a los que sufrieron exposición hace menos de tres Los meses. Conclusión: Se evidenció la necesidad del uso de instrumentos validados para la evaluación del miedo, ansiedad, estrés entre otras reacciones psicológicas que caracterizan el trastorno de estrés postraumático y de la oferta de atención psicológica para los trabajadores expuestos a material biológico.

Resumo Objetivo: Rastrear sintomas de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) segundo os escores da Escala de Impacto do Evento-Revisado em trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem, expostos a acidente com material biológico no período de outubro de 2014 a maio de 2016 em um hospital filantrópico de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A análise inferencial foi realizada utilizando-se intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os dados foram coletados resguardando-se todos os aspectos éticos descritos na resolução 466/2012. Resultados: A maioria dos trabalhadores eram técnicos de enfermagem (52,5%), do sexo feminino (91,8%), com média de idade de 31,4 anos (DP = 7,5). As exposições ocorreram por via percutânea (60,7%). Do total de indivíduos, 19,6% apresentaram escores acima de 5,6 evidenciando sinais para TEPT e aqueles que haviam se acidentado há mais de seis meses tiveram escores significativamente superiores (p = 0,025) aos que sofreram exposição há menos de três meses. Conclusão: Um em cada cinco (19,6%) dos trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem que sofreram exposição ocupacional com material biológico apresentaram TEPT. Isso evidenciou a necessidade do uso de instrumentos validados para avaliação do medo, ansiedade, estresse entre outras reações psicológicas que caracterizam o transtorno e da oferta de atendimento psicológico para os trabalhadores expostos a material biológico.

Práctica de normas de bioseguridad en las salas de cirugía bucal de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asución en el año 2009 / Practice standards of biosecurity in the halls Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry National University in the year Asución 2009

El equipo de salud que otorga atención odontológica y sus pacientes están expuestos a una variedad de microorganismo por la naturaleza de la interacciones, donde se produce un contacto directo o indirecto con el instrumental, el equipo, los aerosoles y las superficies contaminadas, de ahí que tanto el cirujano dentista como el personal de salud son quienes están mas expuestos a contraer las enfermedades ifectocontagiosas como el Sida, la Hepatitis B, La tuberculosis, el Herpes y las infecciones por diferentes virus, si no se toman en consideraciones los fundamentos de bioseguridad . Con el objetivo de determinar las prácticas de normas de bioseguridad en la sala de cirugía bucal de la Facultad de Odontología de la universidad Nacional de Asunción en el año 2009, se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en 76 alumnos de 3º, 4º y 5º curso, de ambos sexo, matriculado en el año 2009. se observó que el 59,2% de los alumnos posee una práctica adecuada, no encontrándose asociación entre el nivel de prática y sexo de los alumnos, aunque se evidenció asociación entre el curso al que pertenecían los alumnos y el nivel de práctica.

[Occupational risk for blood exposure and staff behaviour: a cross-sectional study in 3 Moroccan healthcare centers]. / Comportement et conditions de travail exposant au sang: analyse des pratiques dans trois établissements de soins du Maroc.

OBJECTIVE: As in other countries, Moroccan health-care workers are exposed to occupational blood exposure (OBE) hazards. The purpose of this study was to estimate the occupational safety and hygiene conditions determining the OBE risk for health-care workers. WORKERS AND METHODS: In March 2000, a multicentric study was carried out in Morocco on 420 health-care workers, with an anonymous questionnaire. The study included health-care workers in the Taza and Temara hospitals and health centers, as well as in a Rabat public medical analysis laboratory. RESULTS: The participation rate was 67.8% (285/420). The population was mainly female (61%) with a mean age of 41.4 years (+/-7 years). Health-care workers answered that: occupational hygiene and safety were inadequate (55.1%); wearing single-use gloves was rare (34.5%); resheathing used needles was frequent (74.5%); safe containers were often missing (67%). In 1999, the annual average incidence of OBE was 1.5 (+/-4.3) per capita. If we consider the whole career of health-care workers, the incidence reached about 14.3+/-28.1 per capita. The absence of post-exposure chemoprophylaxis was the rule. CONCLUSION: The study shows that there is a need to improve occupational hygiene and safety conditions for Moroccan health-care workers in order to reduce OBE hazards.